Athar Alrafedain

Abstract

The city of Mosul ,the ancient Arab city, had a prominent and important role in human life and civilization since ancient prehistoric eras. Its origins returned to a local civilization originated and developed after joining the Islamic Arab state in 16A.H. – 637A.D. at the time of Caliph al-Farouk Omar bin al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him), when the Masjid Al-Jama’ and Dar al-Emarah had been established which represented the most prominent architectural works in the city of Mosul as a religious, political and administrative aspects according to the plan adopted by the Muslims in all the cities that had been opened and freed . Thus, Mosul city had received the care and intention of the governors ,princes and rulers who had ruled it successively since the first Islamic conquer .It witnessed the development and progress during Umayyad and Abbasid eras to attain and advanced position of government , administration and leadership during the Ottoman conquest of the Orient Islamic part that extended to all Iraqi cities in general and especially Mosul city over four centuries of ruling this city. The city has witnessed positive changes and significant developments in various aspects of administration, society, service and health, particularly after the foundation of first municipality in Mosul city, which is complementary to the regulatory campaigns carried out by the governor of Mosul Mohammad Aengih Bayrakdar to improve the conditions of the city administratively and politically. This is crystallized by establishing a special department of the municipality of Mosul at the head of the old bridge near Mosul internal Ige Castle in the southern part of ancient Mosul city, Hospital was established at Bab Sinjar, and opening places for receiving patients and the poor, The Work Department was established, and Post Office was established, Medical department of municipal, House of Hospitality (Al-Musafir Khana), The Court of Justice was re-established after being transformed from its old position, and establishing Islamic Awqaf Department within Al-Ahmadia Building after being transported from its old position, In addition, And Establishing civil status department in Mosul in Al-Thalmah Quarter, Opening Police Station at the entrance of Al-Najafi Street (The General Station) for Police Station represented office of prisons, office of passports and office of traffic .And establishing the board of commerce and agriculture and chamber of commerce at Al-Korneesh Street.