Athar Alrafedain

Abstract

The editions of cylinder seals on the cuneiform texts discovered in various cities of ancient Iraq provided us with valuable information about


the nature of the jobs that existed in ancient Iraq, especially the era of Ur III (2112-2004) BC, which witnessed the return of the Sumerian peoples to rule after being excluded from it for a period of more than  Two hundred years ago, and with the return of the Sumerians to rule, specialization in jobs appeared and the administrative hierarchy was given great importance.  Editions of the seals of the ruler's Adequate information on how the cuneiform text inscribed on the surface of the seal was formulated and its location in the overall view of the seal, as well as the preamble for the rulers that distinguished their functions from the rest of the functions based on the information contained therein.