Athar Alrafedain

Abstract

The research highlights Alexander's the Great march to the east and the battles he fought with the Achaemenid king Darius III, and in particular, the Battle of Gaugamela that took place in the upper parts of Mesopotamia in the area confined between the Tigris river and the mountain highlands in the east of it, which was mentioned by ancient writers as "Gaugamela", located in the plain of Arbela. As well as The study discussed the paths that led Alexander the Great to the battlefield  and the path that Alexander the Great followed after defeating his opponent, reaching Babylon, and then heading to the Indus valley. Thus, he established a great empire.