Athar Alrafedain

Abstract

Since ancient times, the Assyrians believed that there are occult powers and a world of evil spirits and demons represented by evil gods that cause concern and spread fear and dread in the souls of the population by sending tribulations and diseases to people. All of this was made clear by many texts and monuments that were discovered, therefore, they followed many methods and ways that were reflected in their behaviors, to get rid of their harm, this was represented in following several religious rituals, including prayers, advancement, and casting religious spells, in addition to the expiation rituals of Namburbe NAMBÚR-BI that have a religious and magical nature to keep away the evil, and as they came up with the idea of sheltering spirits, Shido and Mason, represented by the winged bulls that were placed at the city gates, entrances to palaces and small statues that were placed in the foundations of the walls and floors of rooms.