Athar Alrafedain

The study aims to identify the urban activities in the Indian ports of all kinds, and the role that those activities played in the prosperity of the economic movement in those ports, through what was provided by services to the local population and the commercial communities and merchants coming to these ports, as these urban aspects at that time represented an important part of the civilization of India, the research focused on the architectural materials used in construction at the time, and the urban aspects of their various types, whether religious, civil or military, and we have clarified the role of each part of those aspects in the development, prosperity and permanence of the economic movement in the Indian subcontinent in general.

Archaeological excavations revealed many wooden doors covered with bronze tapes, on which various subjects of artistic scenes were executed. These gates were discovered in various Assyrian cities dating back to the Neo-Assyrian era. Examples of this were also found in Haddad hill in the Hamrin Basin area. These tapes express an important civilizational stage that has a clear impact on the later arts in terms of implementation and continuous experience.